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City unitary authority, on the rivers Don and Dee, 75 miles (120 km.) north of Dundee, it has a population of about 213,000 and is the third-largest city in Scotland. It is the administrative headquarters of both Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire unitary authorities. Aberdeen's popular name of the "Granite City", is because the bulk of the town is indeed built of granite, but to appreciate its more other designation of the "Silver City by the Sea", it should be seen after a heavy rainfall when its structures and houses gleam pure and white under brilliant sunshine.

In Aberdeen City there are the popular towns of Aberdeen.

Geography

The area is contained within the city boundaries of Aberdeen. Situated on a low-lying coastal area on the banks of the rivers Dee and Don, the city has 2 miles of sandy beaches. The area of the city extends to 6,602 acres. Aberdeen has good links to the rest of Scotland and the UK. The main road south to Edinburgh is a fast dual carriageway and plans are in hand to build a bypass round the city. Aberdeen is served by a good rail links to the south and north to Inverness, all services run from the Joint Station in the city centre. Aberdeen airport has frequent services to London and several international destinations. The mean temperature is 8 °C (47 °F) and it varies between 0.4 °C in winter and 17.6 °C in summer. The average yearly rainfall is 816 mm. The city is one of the healthiest in Scotland.

Industry

North Sea oil is the principal industry and the city is known as the Oil Capital of Europe. It is the main centre for offshore oil exploration in Europe. Other industries include oil and gas service industries, fishing, food processing, paper manufacture, textiles, engineering, chemicals, and tourism. It is the chief seaport in the north of Scotland.

History

The city was granted a charter in 1179 by King William the Lion In 1306, during the war of independence against King Edward I of England, the townspeople stormed Aberdeen. In 1337, Edward III of England burnt down Aberdeen, and in 1489 the area now known as old Aberdeen became an independent burgh and remained so until 1891. During the 18th century, whaling, textiles, and paper and rope manufacture caused the economy to flourish and by the 19th century the town had diversified into fishing and shipbuilding. As Aberdeens traditional industries declined in the 20th century, the discovery of North Sea oil in 1970 boosted the economy, causing rapid urban and industrial expansion. As of 1996, Aberdeen has been governed by the single body "Aberdeen City Council" and no longer has any direct control over the neighbouring area of Aberdeenshire (although the headquarters of Aberdeenshire Council are located within the citys boundaries).